Kufotokozera kwa Malamulo Amalonda Padziko Lonse: Kusankha Pakati pa FOB, CIF, ndi EXW Pogula Ma Treadmills

Kufotokozera kwa Malamulo Amalonda Padziko Lonse: Kusankha Pakati pa FOB, CIF, ndi EXW Pogula Ma Treadmills

Kusankha mawu amalonda apadziko lonse monga FOB, CIF, kapena EXW pogula ma treadmill ndi komwe ogula ochokera kumayiko ena nthawi zambiri amalephera. Ogula ambiri atsopano, osatha kusiyanitsa malire a udindo pansi pa malamulo awa, amalipira ndalama zosafunikira zonyamula katundu ndi inshuwaransi kapena amakumana ndi vuto losadziwika bwino pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwa katundu, kulepheretsa madandaulo komanso kuchedwetsa nthawi yotumizira. Pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zachitika pogula ma treadmill, nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momveka bwino maudindo, magawidwe a ndalama, ndi magawano a zoopsa za mawu atatu ofunikira awa. Pogwirizana ndi maphunziro enieni, imapereka njira zosankhidwiratu kuti zikuthandizeni kuwongolera bwino ndalama ndikupewa zoopsa. Kenako, tidzasanthula momwe mawu aliwonse amagwiritsidwira ntchito pogula ma treadmill.

Nthawi ya FOB: Kodi Mungayang'anire Bwanji Kutumiza ndi Kuyambitsa Ndalama Pogula Ma Treadmill?

Mfundo yaikulu ya FOB (Free on Board) ndi "kusamutsa zoopsa pa katundu wodutsa sitima ya sitimayo." Pa kugula makina oyendera matayala, wogulitsa ali ndi udindo wokonza katunduyo, kumaliza kuchotsera katundu wotumizidwa kunja, ndikutumiza katunduyo ku doko losankhidwa kuti akakwezedwe pa sitima yomwe wogula wasankha.

Wogula amatenga ndalama zonse ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike, kuphatikizapo katundu wa panyanja, inshuwaransi ya katundu, ndi chilolezo cha msonkho cha doko lopitako. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti FOB ndiye mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogula makina opumira odutsa malire, omwe amawerengera 45% ya milandu. Ndi yoyenera makamaka kwa ogula omwe ali ndi anzawo odziwika bwino okonza zinthu.

Tinatumikira wogula wa ku North America amene anagwiritsa ntchito mawu ena molakwika panthawi yawo yoyamba.makina opumira magalimoto amalondakugula, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu zikwere ndi 20%. Atasintha kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a FOB Ningbo, adagwiritsa ntchito kampani yawo yopereka zinthu kuti agwirizane ndi chuma, kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu panyanja ndi $1,800 pa gulu lililonse la magalimoto 50 ogulitsa. Chofunika kwambiri, adapeza ulamuliro pa nthawi yoyendetsera zinthu, kupewa kutha kwa katundu nthawi yachilimwe.

Ogula ambiri amafunsa kuti: “Ndani amalipira ndalama zokwezera katundu akamagwiritsa ntchito FOB pa ma treadmill?” Izi zimatengera mawu enaake. Malinga ndi mawu a FOB liner, ndalama zokwezera katundu ndi udindo wa wogula; ngati FOB ikuphatikizapo ndalama zosungira katundu, wogulitsa ndiye amene amawalipira. Pa katundu wolemera monga ma treadmill, ogula ayenera kufotokoza izi pasadakhale m'mapangano kuti apewe mikangano.

Malamulo a CIF: Kodi Mungachepetse Bwanji Kugula Ma Treadmill ndi Kuchepetsa Zoopsa Zotumizira?

CIF (Ndalama, Inshuwalansi, ndi Katundu), yomwe imadziwika kuti "ndalama, inshuwaransi, ndi katundu," imasamutsabe chiopsezo ikayamba kunyamula sitimayo, osati ikafika padoko lopitako.

Wogulitsayo ndiye amalipira ndalama zokonzekera katundu woti atumizidwe, zochotsera katundu kuchokera kunja, zonyamula katundu panyanja, komanso inshuwaransi yochepa. Wogula ndiye amene ali ndi udindo wochotsera katundu kuchokera ku doko lopitako komanso ndalama zina zomwe zingatsatire. Pa katundu wolemera komanso wosalimba monga ma treadmill, malamulo a CIF amateteza ogula kuti asavutike kukonza inshuwaransi yawoyawo komanso kusungitsa malo otumizira katundu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwambiri kwa ogula atsopano.

Wogulitsa zida zolimbitsa thupi ku Ulaya, yemwe ankada nkhawa ndi kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike panthawi yotumiza katundu komanso wosadziwa bwino njira za inshuwaransi, anasankha kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a CIF Hamburg poyamba pogula makina opumira kunyumba. Katunduyo adagwa mvula yambiri panthawi yoyendera, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti phukusi la makina opumira liwonongeke ndi chinyezi. Popeza wogulitsayo adapeza chithandizo cha All Risks, wogulitsayo adalandira chipukuta misozi cha €8,000, kupewa kutayika konse. Akanasankha malamulo a FOB, wogulayo akanalandira kutayikako chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwa chithandizo cha inshuwaransi.

Funso Lofala: “Kodi inshuwaransi ya CIF imaphimba zonse zomwe zimatayika pa treadmill?” Kuphimba kokhazikika ndi 110% ya mtengo wa katundu, kuphatikizapo ndalama, katundu, ndi phindu lomwe likuyembekezeka. Pa ma treadmill amalonda amtengo wapatali, inshuwaransi yowonjezera ya All Risks ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ipewe kukana madandaulo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mkati mwa gawo chifukwa cha kugundana kapena kugwedezeka.

Malamulo a EXW: Kodi Kutumiza ku fakitale ndi kotsika mtengo kapena koopsa pogula Treadmill?

EXW (Ex Works) imaika udindo wochepa kwa wogulitsa—kungokonza katundu ku fakitale kapena m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu. Zinthu zonse zomwe zikubwera pambuyo pake ndi za wogula.

Wogula ayenera kukonza payekha kuti atenge katundu, mayendedwe apakhomo, chilolezo cha msonkho chochokera kunja/kutumiza kunja, kutumiza katundu kunja, ndi inshuwaransi, zomwe zimabweretsa zoopsa zonse ndi ndalama zomwe zikugwirizana nazo panthawi yonseyi. Ngakhale kuti mitengo ya EXW ikuwoneka yotsika kwambiri, imabisa ndalama zobisika. Ziwerengero zikusonyeza kuti ogula atsopano omwe amagwiritsa ntchito EXW pogula makina opukutira matayala amawononga ndalama zowonjezera zapakati pa 15%-20% ya mtengo womwe watchulidwa.

Munthu watsopano wogula zinthu m'dziko muno anafuna kuchepetsa ndalama pogula ma treadmill 100 motsatira malamulo a EXW. Kusadziwa bwino za kuchotsedwa kwa katundu wa katundu kunja kunachedwetsa kutumiza ndi masiku 7, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ndalama zokwana $300 zilipidwe pa doko. Pambuyo pake, wopereka chithandizo cha mayendedwe osadziwa bwino ntchito anapangitsa kuti ma treadmill awiri asinthe panthawi yoyendera, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ndalama zonse ziwonjezeke kuposa zomwe zinali motsatira malamulo a CIF.

Ogula nthawi zambiri amafunsa kuti: “Kodi EXW ndi liti pamene ingakhale yoyenera kugula makina oyendera matayala?” Ndi yoyenera kwambiri kwa ogula odziwa bwino ntchito omwe ali ndi magulu okhwima ogulitsa omwe amatha kuthana ndi njira zotumizira/kutumiza kunja pawokha komanso kufunafuna kuchepetsedwa kwa mitengo. Kwa oyamba kumene kapena ogula ochepa, sikulimbikitsidwa ngati njira yoyamba.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri Pankhani Yogulitsa Zinthu Zosiyanasiyana Zokhudza Kugula Zinthu Zozungulira Treadmill

1. Kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa kusankha nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito kunyumba ndi kugula makina opumira amalonda?

Inde. Ma treadmill apakhomo ali ndi mtengo wotsika komanso ma oda ochepa; oyamba kumene angasankhe CIF kuti ikhale yosavuta. Ma treadmill amalonda ali ndi mtengo wapamwamba komanso ma oda ambiri; ogula omwe ali ndi zinthu zoyendetsera zinthu angasankhe FOB kuti azitha kuwongolera ndalama, kapena kusankha CIF yokhala ndi inshuwaransi yoopsa kuti awonjezere chitetezo.

2. Ndi mfundo ziti za mgwirizano zomwe ziyenera kulembedwa pofotokoza zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa pogula makina opumira odutsa malire?

Mfundo zinayi zazikulu ziyenera kufotokozedwa bwino:

Choyamba, tchulani malo omwe mwasankha (monga FOB Ningbo, CIF Los Angeles) kuti mupewe kusamveka bwino.

Chachiwiri, fotokozani momwe ndalama zimagawidwira, kuphatikizapo udindo wolipira zonyamula katundu ndi zolipiritsa zosungira katundu.

Chachitatu, fotokozani zigawo za inshuwaransi pofotokoza mitundu ya inshuwaransi ndi ndalama zomwe zimatetezedwa.

Chachinayi, fotokozani momwe zinthu zidzachitikire poika njira zolipirira kuchedwa kwa kutumiza katundu kapena kuwonongeka kwa katundu.

3. Kupatula FOB, CIF, ndi EXW, kodi palinso njira zina zoyenera zogulira makina ochapira matayala?

Inde. Ngati mukufuna kuti wogulitsa atumize ku malo osungira katundu omwe akupita, sankhani DAP (Delivered At Place), komwe wogulitsa amasamutsa kupita kumalo omwe atchulidwa ndipo wogula amasamalira kuchotsera katundu wa kasitomu. Kuti mupeze njira yopanda mavuto, sankhani DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), komwe wogulitsa amalipira ndalama zonse ndi njira zoyendetsera kasitomu, ngakhale mtengo womwe watchulidwawo udzakhala wokwera—woyenera kugula treadmill yamalonda yapamwamba kwambiri.

Mwachidule, pogulamakina opumira, mfundo yaikulu yoganizira posankha pakati pa FOB, CIF, kapena EXW ili pakugwirizana ndi zomwe muli nazo komanso kulekerera zoopsa: omwe ali ndi chidziwitso cha kayendetsedwe ka zinthu angasankhe FOB kuti ikhalebe ndi ulamuliro; oyamba kumene kapena omwe akufuna kukhazikika angasankhe CIF kuti achepetse zoopsa; ogula odziwa bwino ntchito omwe akufuna mitengo yotsika angasankhe EXW. Kufotokozera momveka bwino momwe udindo ulili pa nthawi iliyonse kumathandiza kuwongolera bwino ndalama komanso kupewa mikangano. Kwa ogula ochokera m'malire ndi makasitomala a B2B, kusankha nthawi yoyenera yogulitsa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupeza bwino ma treadmill. Kudziwa bwino mfundo yosankhayi kumathandiza kuti njira yogulira zinthu ikhale yosavuta komanso kumawonjezera kuwongolera ndalama. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana ndi zisankho zoyenera pakati pa FOB, CIF, ndi EXW ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti kugula zinthu kukuyenda bwino.

Kufotokozera kwa Meta

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza bwino kusiyana pakati pa FOB, CIF, ndi EXW—mawu atatu akuluakulu amalonda apadziko lonse lapansi okhudza kugula makina oyendera ma treadmill. Pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zenizeni zamakampani, ikufotokoza kugawa maudindo, ndalama, ndi zoopsa pansi pa nthawi iliyonse, ndikupereka njira zosankhidwiratu. Thandizani ogula ochokera m'malire ndi makasitomala a B2B kuwongolera bwino ndalama ndikupewa zoopsa zogulira. Dziwani luso losankha mawu amalonda ogulira makina oyendera ma treadmill ochokera m'malire ndikupeza chitsogozo cha akatswiri pogula tsopano!

Mawu Ofunika Kwambiri

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