Buku lothandizira kugula makina opumira ogwiritsidwa ntchito: mfundo 10 zofunika kuziganizira

Buku lothandizira kugula makina opumira ogwiritsidwa ntchito: mfundo 10 zofunika kuziganizira

Kugula makina ogwiritsira ntchito ...

Pogula ma treadmill ogwiritsidwa ntchito kale, ogula omwe adakumana ndi mavuto amadziwa bwino kuti zomwe zikuwoneka ngati njira yochepetsera ndalama zitha kukhala ndi mabilu akuluakulu okonza komanso zoopsa zodandaula za makasitomala.

Zambiri za msika wa makina ogwiritsidwa ntchito sizikhala zomveka bwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala kusiyana pakati pa kufotokozera kwa wogulitsa ndi chinthu chenicheni. Kusowa kwa njira zowunikira akatswiri ndiye vuto lalikulu lomwe ogula amakumana nalo. Nkhaniyi ipereka chitsogozo chogwira ntchito kuchokera kumakampani kuti ikuthandizeni kuwunika mwachangu komanso mwadongosolo momwe galimoto yogwiritsira ntchito makina ogwiritsira ntchito makina ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamalopo imagwirira ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zanu mwanzeru, ndikupewa kugwera mumsampha.
01 Core Power System: Kuyang'anira Ma Motors ndi Ma Drive Boards
Injini ndiye mtima wa makina oyeretsera. Mkhalidwe wake umatsimikizira mwachindunji nthawi yomwe chipangizocho chidzakhala ndi moyo komanso mtengo wake. Choyamba, mvetserani phokoso la injini ikuyenda popanda katundu.

Yambani treadmill ndikuyika liwiro pamlingo wapakati-wapamwamba (monga makilomita 10 pa ola limodzi). Mvetserani mosamala popanda kunyamula zolemera zilizonse. Kung'ung'udza kosalekeza komanso kofanana kwa ma frequency otsika ndikwabwinobwino. Ngati phokoso lakuthwa la mluzu, phokoso lokhazikika kapena phokoso losasinthasintha lakukanda lituluka, nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza kuti ma bearing amkati atha, rotor ndi yachilendo kapena maburashi a kaboni atha. Mota yogulitsa yosamalidwa bwino iyenera kukhala yokhoza kuthamanga bwino popanda kugwedezeka mwamphamvu.

Kachiwiri, yesani kulemera ndi kukwera kwa kutentha kwa injini. Iyi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri. Chitani choyesera chomwe chili ndi kulemera kofanana ndi mphamvu yayikulu yonyamula ya chipangizocho (onani chizindikiro cha thupi) kuti chizimitse pa liwiro lapakati kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10. Kenako zimitsani nthawi yomweyo magetsi ndikukhudza mosamala chivundikiro cha injini (samalani ndi kutentha kwambiri). Kutentha pang'ono ndi kwabwinobwino, koma ngati ikumva kutentha ndipo singathe kukhudzidwa, zimasonyeza kuti injiniyo ikhoza kukhala yakale, ilibe mphamvu yokwanira, kapena kutentha koipa. Chiwopsezo cha kulephera mtsogolo ndi chachikulu kwambiri.

Chitsanzo chenicheni ndi ichi: Malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi adagula makina opumira ogwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndipo adachita mayeso osanyamula katundu pamalopo omwe anali abwinobwino. Komabe, atawagwiritsa ntchito, panthawi yomwe makina ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ma mota a makina angapo ankatenthedwa kwambiri ndipo ankazimitsa okha pafupipafupi, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale madandaulo ambiri. Mayeso otsatira adawonetsa kuti ma coil ena a ma mota anali atakalamba kale ndipo mphamvu yawo yonyamula katundu inali itachepa kwambiri.

Mafunso Ofala: Wogulitsa amanena kuti mota ndi "yamalonda" kapena "yamphamvu kwambiri". Kodi tingatsimikizire bwanji izi? Njira yodalirika kwambiri ndikupeza dzina la galimotoyo pa thupi kapena motayo yokha ndikuyang'ana mtengo wa mphamvu ya mahatchi yokhazikika (CHP). Ma mota enieni amalonda nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu ya mahatchi yokhazikika ya 3.0 CHP kapena kupitirira apo. Ma mota omwe amangosonyeza "mphamvu ya mahatchi yokhazikika" pomwe akupewa mphamvu ya mahatchi yokhazikika ayenera kusamala.
02 Lamba Wothamanga ndi Mbale Yothamangira: Kuwunika kwa Degree Yovala ndi Kusalala
Lamba woyendetsa ndi mbale yoyendetsera ndi zinthu zomwe zimawonongeka kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akukumana nazo komanso chitetezo chawo. Gawo loyamba poyesa ndikuzimitsa magetsi ndikuyang'ana pamanja lamba woyendetsa.

Kokanimakina opumira matayala Lamba kumbali imodzi ndikuyang'ana pakati pa bolodi loyendetsera. Ngati muwona kuti pakati pa bolodi loyendetsera pali kuwala, kozama, kapena kuli ndi ulusi wamatabwa, zimasonyeza kuti kuwonongeka kwake kwakula kwambiri. Bolodi loyendetsera likatha, silidzangopanga phokoso ndikuwonjezera kukana, komanso likhoza kutha, zomwe zingayambitse ngozi. Zilonda zazing'ono ndizabwinobwino, koma madera akuluakulu okhala ndi kutsika kosalala ndi osavomerezeka.

Kenako, yang'anani kulimba ndi kukhazikika kwa lamba wopondapo. Gwiritsani ntchito wrench ya hexagonal yomwe ili ndi treadmill (kapena funsani wogulitsa) kuti mupeze screw yosinthira kumbuyo kwa roller. Muyezo woyenera wa kulimba ndi uwu: mutha kukweza pang'onopang'ono gawo lapakati la lamba ndi dzanja lanu ndi masentimita 2-3. Lamba womasuka kwambiri angayambitse kutsetsereka ndi kuthamanga kosakwanira; lamba womangika kwambiri adzawonjezera katundu pa mota.

Kenako yatsani makinawo ndikuyendetsa pa liwiro lotsika (pafupifupi 4 km/h). Yang'anani ngati lamba woyendetsa amadzigwirizanitsa okha. Ngati akupitilizabe kupotoka, ngakhale atasintha, zingasonyeze kuti chimangocho chasokonekera kapena ma roller bearing atha.

Mafunso Ofala: Lamba wothamanga amaoneka watsopano, kodi ndi wabwino? Sizofunikira kwenikweni. Ogulitsa ena angasinthe lamba wakale wothamanga ndi watsopano kuti abise bolodi yakale yothamanga ndi mavuto amkati. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'ana bolodi lothamanga lokha. Lamba watsopano wothamanga wophatikizidwa ndi bolodi lothamanga lowonongeka kwambiri lili ngati kuyika kapeti yatsopano pamsewu wakale - mavuto adzabweranso posachedwa.

03 Kuzindikira Phokoso Losazolowereka ndi Kugwedezeka: Kuzindikira Zolakwika Zomwe Zingakhalepo
Phokoso losazolowereka ndi kugwedezeka ndi zizindikiro za alamu za mavuto amkati mwa chipangizo. Kuzindikira kwa makina kungakuthandizeni kupeza zolakwika zobisika. Choyamba, yesani malo pang'onopang'ono a phokoso.

Lolani makinawo kuti agwire ntchito popanda katundu pa liwiro losiyana (liwiro lotsika, liwiro lapakati, liwiro lalikulu). Phokoso lokhazikika la "kufuula" nthawi zambiri limayamba chifukwa cha mafuta osakwanira pakati pa lamba wothamanga ndi mbale yothamanga. Phokoso la "kudina" kapena "kusweka" lingakhale chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma bearing a ng'oma. Mutha kuyesa kukweza lamba wothamanga ndikuzungulira ng'oma pamanja kuti mumve ngati pali kumasuka kapena phokoso losazolowereka. Phokoso lolemera la "kugunda" limodzi ndi kugwedezeka limasonyeza kuti muyenera kuwona ngati zomangira pamalo aliwonse olumikizirana a chimango choyambira ndi zomasuka.

Pankhani yogula zida zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, wogulayo sanayang'ane kugwedezeka pang'ono kwa imodzi mwa makinawo pa liwiro lalikulu. Posakhalitsa atayiyika, kugwedezeka kwa makinawa kunakula kwambiri. Pamapeto pake, atayang'anitsitsa, anapeza kuti shaft bearing yayikulu ya mota yoyendetsera galimotoyo inawonongeka, ndipo mtengo wosinthira unali wofanana ndi theka la mtengo wa makinawo.

Kachiwiri, yesani kugwedezeka kwenikweni kwa kuthamanga kwa kulemera kosiyanasiyana kwa thupi. Yesani anthu oyesedwa olemera kosiyana (monga makilogalamu 70 ndi kupitirira 90) kuti azithamanga pa liwiro labwinobwino motsatana. Yang'anirani ndikulamulira kukhazikika konse kwa makina kudzera mu console. Makina apamwamba kwambiri amalonda ayenera kukhala okhazikika ngati mwala, ndi kuyankha pang'ono komanso kofanana kwa pedal. Ngati pali kugwedezeka kwakukulu, kumva kulumpha, kapena kutsagana ndi phokoso lalikulu, zimasonyeza kuti dongosolo loyamwa la kugwedezeka likukalamba kapena kapangidwe kake kakulimba mokwanira.

Mafunso Ofala: Wogulitsa anati “Phokoso laling'ono ndi labwinobwino”. Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati ndi lalikulu? Chinsinsi chake chili pa ngati phokoso ndi kugwedezeka kwake ndi kokhazikika komanso kovomerezeka. Phokoso la mphepo ndi mawu ofanana a injini ndi abwinobwino. Koma kugwedezeka kulikonse kosakhazikika, koopsa, komanso kogwirizana ndi kugwedezeka kwa chipangizocho, zonsezi zimasonyeza zolakwika zinazake zamakina ndipo ziyenera kutengedwa mozama.
04 Kutsimikizira Kachitidwe ka Kuwongolera Kamagetsi ndi Ntchito
Chowongolera ndi ubongo wa makina opukutira, ndipo kukhazikika kwake ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kuwunika kuyenera kutsatira ndondomeko kuyambira kunja mpaka mkati. Choyamba, yesani bwino mabatani onse ndi ntchito zowonetsera.

Yesani makiyi okweza ndi kuchepetsa liwiro ndi kutsetsereka (ngati alipo), onani ngati yankho ndi losavuta komanso ngati kusinthako kuli kolunjika komanso kosalala. Chitani maimidwe angapo adzidzidzi a latch yoyimitsa mwadzidzidzi, yomwe ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yotetezera. Onetsetsani kuti kukoka kulikonse kumatha kuyimitsa nthawi yomweyo lamba wothamanga. Yang'anani momwe zinthu zonse zowonetsera zimagwirira ntchito bwino pa dashboard (nthawi, liwiro, mtunda, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi zina zotero), ndikuwona ngati pali ma stroke kapena ma code osokonekera.

Kenako, chitani mayeso okhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. Ikani treadmill pa liwiro lapakati ndikutsika, ndipo mulole kuti iziyenda mosalekeza kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20. Yang'anani ngati pali kusinthasintha kwa liwiro lokha, zolakwika zotsetsereka, zolakwika za pulogalamu, kapena kubwezeretsanso nthawi yamagetsi nthawi yowonera. Kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ndiye mayeso omaliza otsimikizira kukhazikika kwa bolodi la circuit, masensa, ndi chowongolera mota.

Funso Lofala: Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati console ikuwonetsa ma code olakwika a Chingerezi osazolowereka? Zipangizo zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku makampani apadziko lonse lapansi zitha kukhala ndi mawu ofunikira a Chingerezi. Mwachitsanzo, "Chongani kiyi yotetezeka" imasonyeza kuti loko yotetezeka sinayikidwe bwino, ndipo ma code monga "E01″, "E02″, ndi zina zotero nthawi zambiri amakhala ma code olakwika amkati. Chonde funsani wogulitsa kuti afotokoze ndikuchotsa ma code nthawi yomweyo. Ngati code yomweyi imawonekera mobwerezabwereza, zikutanthauza kuti pali vuto la hardware lomwe silinathetsedwe.
05 Mbiri ndi Zikalata: Kutsimikizira "Kudziwika" ndi Mbiri ya Zipangizo
Gawo lomaliza ndikutsimikizira "kudziwika" ndi mbiri ya zidazo, zomwe zingachepetse chiopsezo chogula makina olakwika kapena katundu wobedwa. Gawo loyamba ndikufufuza ndikutsimikizira zomwe zili pa chizindikiro cha zidazo.

Pezani dzina la galimotoyo pa chimango cha makina (nthawi zambiri pansi pa chivundikiro cha galimotoyo kapena kumbuyo kwa maziko), ndipo lembani dzina la galimotoyo, mtundu wake, nambala yake, tsiku lopangidwa, ndi mphamvu ya galimotoyo (CHP yopitilira). Jambulani chithunzi ndi foni yanu kuti musunge ngati umboni. Tsatanetsatane uwu ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa: 1. Kuyang'ana ngati pakhala vuto lalikulu lobweza kapena kapangidwe ka galimotoyo; 2. Kufunsa makasitomala ovomerezeka a kampaniyo za kasinthidwe koyambirira ndi chitsimikizo cha galimotoyo ndi nambala yake ya galimotoyo (mabizinesi ena amachirikiza izi); 3. Kutsimikizira ngati malongosoledwe a wogulitsayo ndi olondola.

Kachiwiri, pezani zikalata zonse zofunika. Zipangizo zamalonda zogwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku gwero lovomerezeka nthawi zambiri zimasunga zikalata zina. Chonde onetsetsani kuti mwapeza izi: invoice yoyambirira yogulira kapena kopi ya pangano (kuti mutsimikizire gwero lovomerezeka), zolemba zosamalira (kuti mumvetse zolakwika zakale ndi zigawo zomwe zasinthidwa), buku lothandizira magwiridwe antchito a zida ndi ma circuit diagram (zofunikira pakukonza mtsogolo). Popanda chithandizo chilichonse cha zikalata, muyenera kufunsa komwe zidachokera komanso momwe zilili.

Chenjezo: Wogula adagula makina ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi "apamwamba" opanda zikalata zilizonse, ndipo mitengo yake inali yokongola. Pambuyo pake, imodzi mwa makinawa idawonongeka kwambiri. Pa nthawi yokonza, zidapezeka kuti manambala otsatizana a zigawo zingapo zazikulu mkati mwake sankagwirizana ndi thupi la makinawo, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti inali makina wamba osonkhanitsidwa ndi kukonzedwanso. Mtengo wonse unali wotsika kwambiri kuposa mtengo womwe watchulidwa.

Mafunso Ofala: Wogulitsa amanena kuti zipangizozi zimachokera ku malo odziwika bwino ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, kotero kuti khalidwe lake ndi labwino. Kodi izi ndi zoona? Zipangizo zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi zamalonda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma kukonza kungakhalenso kwaukadaulo. Chofunika kwambiri sikungokhulupirira zomwe zanenedwazo koma kutsimikizira mfundo iliyonse pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira zomwe zatchulidwazi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kudzasiya zizindikiro. Cholinga chiyenera kukhala kuwona ngati zida zosweka za kiyi (monga bolodi loyendetsa, mabearing a mota) zikugwirizana ndi nthawi yomwe yanenedwayo.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri: Mafunso atatu omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza kugula makina opumira ogwiritsidwa ntchito kale
Q1: Kodi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa treadmill yogwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba ndi treadmill yogwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi yamalonda panthawi yowunikira ndi kotani?
A1: Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli mu miyezo yolimba komanso cholinga cha kuwunika. Makina amalonda amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yopangira ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunika kupirira kugundana kopitilira 100,000. Pakuwunika, chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa ku mphamvu yamphamvu ya mota (kaya CHP ndi yoposa 3.0), makulidwe ndi momwe bolodi loyendetsera limagwirira ntchito, komanso kulimba kwa chimango chonse. Komabe, makina apakhomo amayang'ana kwambiri phokoso la injini ndi kuyamwa kwa shock. Kuphatikiza apo, mapulogalamu owongolera makina amalonda ndi ovuta kwambiri, ndipo mapulogalamu onse okonzedweratu ndi ntchito zoyimitsa mwadzidzidzi ziyenera kuyesedwa.

Funso 2: Kuona makina ali bwino koma ali ndi mtundu wakale, kodi ndi bwino kugula?
A2: Izi zimafuna kuganiziridwa mosamala. Mitundu yakale yamalonda (monga mitundu ina yoyambirira ya makampani akuluakulu apadziko lonse) ikhoza kupangidwa ndi zipangizo zapamwamba, koma ikukumana ndi zoopsa ziwiri zazikulu: Choyamba, zigawo zina zitha kukhala zitayimitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukonza kukhale kovuta komanso kokwera mtengo ngati kwawonongeka; chachiwiri, ukadaulo wowongolera ukhoza kukhala wakale, mwina wosathandizira mapulogalamu amakono ophunzitsira kapena ntchito zolumikizirana, zomwe zingakhudze zomwe mamembala akukumana nazo. Ngati mtengo uli wotsika kwambiri ndipo zigawo zazikulu (mota, malamba oyendetsera) zili bwino, zitha kuonedwa ngati njira zina; apo ayi, tikulimbikitsidwa kusamala.

Q3: Pa nthawi yowunikira pamalopo, ndi vuto liti lalikulu komanso losakambirana lomwe ndi liti?
A3: Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe ziyenera kusiyidwa nthawi yomweyo: 1. Kusokonekera kwa kapangidwe kake kapena ming'alu pamalo olumikizirana: kumabweretsa zoopsa zachitetezo; 2. Kutenthedwa kwambiri panthawi yoyesa katundu wa injini kapena fungo loyaka: nthawi ya moyo wa injini ikutha; 3. Zizindikiro za dzimbiri zomwe zimalowa m'madzi pa bolodi lowongolera kapena kulephera kupambana mayeso ogwirira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali: mavuto ovuta a dera omwe ndi ovuta kukonza; 4. Kuwonongeka ndi kulowa mkati mwa bolodi loyendetsa kapena kutsika kwakukulu: ndalama zambiri zosinthira, komanso zingayambitsenso kusintha kwa chimango. Ndalama zokonzera zolakwikazi zitha kupitirira mtengo wotsala wa zidazo.

Kugula makina opumira ogwiritsidwa ntchito okonzedwa bwino kungachepetse kwambiri ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito poyambira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Komabe, izi zingatheke pokhapokha mutafufuza bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zaukadaulo kuti mupewe mavuto. Kumbukirani, mfundo yaikulu yogulira zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi "kuona ndi kukhulupirira, kuyesa ndi umboni". Musamalipire nkhani ya wogulitsa, koma lipirani kokha momwe zida zilili.
Kufotokozera kwa Meta:
Kodi mukuganiza zogula makina oyeretsera ogwiritsidwa ntchito kale? Nkhaniyi ikukupatsani malangizo 10 owunikira malo kuchokera kwa akatswiri amakampani, okhudza mfundo zazikulu monga injini, lamba wothamanga, kuzindikira phokoso losazolowereka, ndi kutsimikizira mbiri ya galimoto yanu, kuti muthandize ogula ochokera kumayiko ena ndi ogwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kupewa zoopsa ndikupanga zisankho zanzeru pankhani yogula zida zolimbitsa thupi zogwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Pezani malangizo aukadaulo opewera zoopsa nthawi yomweyo.
Mawu Ofunika:
Kugula makina oyezera kuthamanga pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyezera kuthamanga pogwiritsa ntchito makina ena, kuwunika makina oyezera kuthamanga pogwiritsa ntchito makina ena, zida zoyezera kuthamanga pogwiritsa ntchito makina ena, kuyesa makina oyezera kuthamanga pogwiritsa ntchito makina ena, kuwunika momwe lamba likugwirira ntchito.